# 11. Lying (Deceit) ## 11.5. Methodology/Refinements/Sub-species ### 11.5.2. Plausible deniability This form of deceit relies on the ability to persuasively argue that a manipulator is not connected to a person, group, or event responsible for some particular action - even when this assertion is not true. It may include other tactics such as hedging one's lie with some truth (a "half-truth"), or making surprisingly candid statements to gain credibility so that a future lie is more effectively and credibly received.