# 49. Manipulation of bias and heuristics in decision making ## 49.5. Methodology/Refinements/Sub-species ### 49.5.43. Normalcy bias This is the refusal to plan for, or react to, a disaster which has never happened before. A manipulator can use this complacency, thinking that "everything will be OK", to lull a victim into a false sense of safety. It can also be used by a manipulator to expose the lack of preparedness of a victim who has not considered what might go wrong.