# 52. Manipulation of Memory ## 52.5. Methodology/Refinements/Sub-species ### 52.5.8. Cross-race effect This is the tendency for people of one race to have difficulty identifying members of a race other than their own. Manipulators in a racist environment use this unfortunate propensity to identify all members of a particular ethnic background as "all looking the same". This horrible statement is designed to denigrate people of other races in the eyes of a manipulative victim. However, it does work in all directions, including in the direction of the racist manipulator's own ethnic background.