# 27. Rhetorical manipulation ## 27.5. Methodology/Refinements/Sub-species ### 27.5.3. Attacking Approach #### 27.5.3.5 Circumstance Ad hominem This is discrediting an argument only because of the advocate's interest in the claim. For example, a study of health risks of mobile phones could not be valid because the study involved research by the telephone companies. ***Parent:** [[Attacking Approaches]]*